Download Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants by Roy M. Mortier, Malcolm F. Fox, Stefan T. Orszulik PDF
By Roy M. Mortier, Malcolm F. Fox, Stefan T. Orszulik
It is a great, short, reasonably cheap advent to the topic, and maybe very good for its time (1997). notwithstanding, there is virtually not anything the following that is not in a higher, newer compilation (2005, CRC) at the similar topic, edited via LR Rudnick. This later paintings via CRC, Taylor & Francis, is the absolute top and so much entire that has seemed near to syntheitic lubricants.
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Sample text
Operating costs can be significantly less than solvent de-waxing, especially for low-pour-point oils where refrigeration costs become prohibitive [7, 8]. 5 Iso-de-waxing This process is a development of those described in the previous two sections, namely wax isomerisation and de-waxing, as the ‘Chevron Iso-de-waxing process’ [9]. Whereas the conventional catalytic de-waxing processes selectively hydrocrack wax to low molecular weight by-products, in iso-de-waxing the wax molecules are isomerised and remain within the boiling range of the base oil.
The lubricant range products have high VI and are analogous to the products made by solvent extraction of distillates, but with important differences. Denitrogenation and desulphurisation reactions lead to products of extremely low sulphur and nitrogen content. Severe hydrotreatment chemically changes the molecular composition, destroying some kinds of molecules and creating other kinds which have good VI properties. Thus the chemical properties and some physical properties of severely hydrotreated base oils are not quite the same as solventrefined base oils.
The streams are handled separately during solvent recovery and the recovered solvent streams are recombined and recycled within the plant. A large proportion of an extraction plant is allocated to solvent recovery and is an energy-intensive part of the process. As mentioned above, feedstocks are run individually (so-called ‘blocked operation’) so that the required properties for each base oil grade can be met economically. If a very wide boiling range feedstock were to be solvent extracted, then at one extreme of the boiling range, over-extraction occurs, while at the other end, underextraction results.